{"id":31007,"date":"2025-12-16T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/?p=31007"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:45:18","slug":"ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/ro\/zdrave\/ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest\/","title":{"rendered":"Nu toat\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103 este o boal\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diabetul zaharat \u0219i tulbur\u0103rile metabolice asociate devin una dintre cele mai serioase provoc\u0103ri cu care se confrunt\u0103 medicina modern\u0103. Cu toate acestea, nu toate tipurile de rezisten\u021b\u0103 la insulin\u0103 sunt boli \u0219i trebuie tratate. Prof. Dr. Mitko Mitkov, \u0219eful Clinicii de Medicin\u0103 Intern\u0103 din cadrul Departamentului de Endocrinologie al Spitalului Universitar \u201ePulmed\u201d - Plovdiv, declar\u0103 pentru ziarul \u201e24 Chasa\u201d despre cauze, grupurile de risc \u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bile de preven\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Dr. Mitkov este specialist \u00een endocrinologie \u0219i medicin\u0103 intern\u0103 cu peste 30 de ani de experien\u021b\u0103 clinic\u0103 \u00een diagnosticarea \u0219i tratamentul diabetului zaharat, bolilor tiroidiene, afec\u021biunilor hipofizare \u0219i suprarenale, problemelor reproductive, precum \u0219i a tulbur\u0103rilor hormonale \u0219i metabolice. Este lector universitar cu experien\u021b\u0103 \u00eendelungat\u0103 la Departamentul de Endocrinologie al Universit\u0103\u021bii de Medicin\u0103 din Plovdiv. \u00cen 2023, i s-a acordat prestigiosul premiu \u201eDoctorul Anului\u201d din partea Uniunii Medicale Bulgare pentru activitatea sa \u00eendelungat\u0103 \u0219i contribu\u021bia la dezvoltarea specialit\u0103\u021bii \u201eEndocrinologie \u0219i Boli Metabolice\u201d. De asemenea, este membru al Ligii Medicilor \u00een care Bulgarii au \u00cencredere, la ini\u021biativa ziarului \u201e24 Chasa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diabetul \u2013 o pandemie t\u0103cut\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit prof. Mitkov, despre natura pandemic\u0103 a diabetului zaharat \u0219i a prediabetului se vorbe\u0219te de ani de zile, dar nu este suficient s\u0103 se trag\u0103 un semnal de alarm\u0103. Datele arat\u0103 c\u0103 num\u0103rul pacien\u021bilor diagnostica\u021bi cu diabet, at\u00e2t la nivel global, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een Bulgaria, cre\u0219te \u00eentr-un ritm semnificativ mai mare dec\u00e2t se preconizase ini\u021bial. \u0218i mai \u00eengrijor\u0103tor este faptul c\u0103 cel pu\u021bin jum\u0103tate dintre persoanele cu diabet zaharat nu \u0219tiu c\u0103 sunt bolnave. \u00cen cazul prediabetului, prevalen\u021ba este \u0219i mai mare, ceea ce \u00eel transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o problem\u0103 grav\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tate public\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care sunt grupurile de risc \u0219i c\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 ne test\u0103m?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Riscul de a dezvolta diabet \u0219i alte boli metabolice cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta. Organiza\u021bia Mondial\u0103 a S\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii a definit de mult timp criterii clare de screening care vizeaz\u0103 detectarea precoce a persoanelor cu risc crescut. Principalele grupuri includ persoanele supraponderale sau obeze, pacien\u021bii cu boli cardiovasculare, hipertensiune arterial\u0103, colesterol HDL sc\u0103zut sau trigliceride crescute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen grupul de risc se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u0219i femeile cu sindrom ovarelor polichistice, diabet gesta\u021bional sau care au n\u0103scut un f\u0103t cu o greutate mai mare de 4 kilograme, precum \u0219i persoanele care iau medicamente care cresc glicemia. Conform criteriilor OMS, toate persoanele cu v\u00e2rsta peste 35 de ani sunt supuse screeningului chiar \u0219i \u00een absen\u021ba simptomelor. \u00cen cazul unor rezultate normale, testele trebuie repetate cel pu\u021bin o dat\u0103 la trei ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poate fi prevenit diabetul?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Prof. Mitkov subliniaz\u0103 c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd vorbim despre preven\u021bie, ne referim la diabetul de tip 2. Spre deosebire de diabetul de tip 1, care necesit\u0103 tratament obligatoriu cu insulin\u0103, diabetul de tip 2 este prevenibil \u00eentr-un procent mare de cazuri sau cel pu\u021bin poate fi \u00eent\u00e2rziat semnificativ. \u00cen anumite situa\u021bii, este chiar posibil\u0103 ob\u021binerea remisiunii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru este valabil mai ales pentru persoanele cu prediabet, sindrom metabolic sau antecedente familiale ale bolii. Diagnosticul precoce \u0219i ini\u021bierea timpurie a unui tratament adecvat sunt esen\u021biale pentru prevenirea complica\u021biilor severe ale bolii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103 \u2013 mituri \u0219i realitate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ultimii ani, termenul \u201erezisten\u021b\u0103 la insulin\u0103\u201d a devenit extrem de popular, \u00eens\u0103 nu toat\u0103 rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103 este o boal\u0103. Poate fi, de asemenea, o condi\u021bie fiziologic\u0103 normal\u0103 \u00een anumite perioade ale vie\u021bii. Problema apare atunci c\u00e2nd rezisten\u021ba fiziologic\u0103 la insulin\u0103 devine patologic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103 poate duce la numeroase tulbur\u0103ri metabolice, prof. Mitkov este categoric c\u0103 principalul \u201evinovat\u201d \u00een majoritatea cazurilor este stilul nostru de via\u021b\u0103. Acesta este cel care provoac\u0103 apari\u021bia sau agravarea rezisten\u021bei patologice la insulin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rolul stresului cronic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Stresul este un factor important \u00een dezvoltarea rezisten\u021bei la insulin\u0103. Chiar \u0219i Hans Selye, considerat p\u0103rintele teoriei stresului, a descris stresul ca un r\u0103spuns nespecific al organismului la diver\u0219i stimuli. Indiferent de tipul de stresor, organismul activeaz\u0103 mecanisme de adaptare similare, inclusiv rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen stresul acut, acest r\u0103spuns este fiziologic \u0219i temporar. Dup\u0103 ce evenimentul stresant trece, sensibilitatea la insulin\u0103 se restabile\u0219te. Cu toate acestea, c\u00e2nd stresul devine cronic, are loc o tranzi\u021bie c\u0103tre rezisten\u021b\u0103 patologic\u0103 la insulin\u0103, \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de consecin\u021be metabolice adverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum ne putem proteja de rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen prezent, nu exist\u0103 medicamente aprobate \u00een mod specific pentru tratamentul rezisten\u021bei izolate la insulin\u0103. Tratamentul este direc\u021bionat c\u0103tre cazurile \u00een care aceasta face parte din sau duce la o boal\u0103 metabolic\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 clinic. Prof. Mitkov este categoric \u00eempotriva testelor \u0219i terapiilor autoprescrise, deoarece acestea duc adesea la interpret\u0103ri gre\u0219ite \u0219i la medica\u021bie inutil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ceea ce poate \u0219i ar trebui s\u0103 fac\u0103 fiecare persoan\u0103 pe cont propriu este s\u0103 lucreze la factorii de risc modificabili. Pierderea \u00een greutate este crucial\u0103 - chiar \u0219i o pierdere de 5 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7% poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi semnificativ sensibilitatea la insulin\u0103. Activitatea fizic\u0103 regulat\u0103, adaptat\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bilor individuale, este, de asemenea, esen\u021bial\u0103 - de la activit\u0103\u021bi de intensitate moderat\u0103, cum ar fi mersul rapid, ciclismul \u0219i \u00eenotul, p\u00e2n\u0103 la antrenament aerobic \u0219i de for\u021b\u0103 mai intens, timp de cel pu\u021bin 30 de minute pe zi, cinci zile pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nutri\u021bia ar trebui s\u0103 fie echilibrat\u0103 \u0219i hipocaloric\u0103, un bun exemplu fiind dieta de tip mediteranean. Se recomand\u0103 limitarea carbohidra\u021bilor rafina\u021bi, cre\u0219terea aportului de fibre, precum \u0219i optimizarea somnului \u0219i gestionarea eficient\u0103 a stresului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit prof. Mitkov, tocmai aceste schimb\u0103ri ale stilului de via\u021b\u0103 aparent simple, dar implementate constant, reprezint\u0103 cele mai puternice mijloace de prevenire a tulbur\u0103rilor metabolice \u0219i a complica\u021biilor acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editor Ina Dimitrova<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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