{"id":31007,"date":"2025-12-16T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/?p=31007"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:45:18","slug":"ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/pt\/zdrave\/ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest\/","title":{"rendered":"Nem toda resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a."},"content":{"rendered":"

O diabetes mellitus e os dist\u00farbios metab\u00f3licos relacionados est\u00e3o se tornando um dos maiores desafios da medicina moderna. No entanto, nem toda resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a e precisa ser tratada. O Prof. Dr. Mitko Mitkov, chefe da Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Interna com o Departamento de Endocrinologia do Hospital Universit\u00e1rio "Pulmed" - Plovdiv, fala ao jornal "24 Chasa" sobre as causas, os grupos de risco e as possibilidades de preven\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Prof. Dr. Mitkov \u00e9 especialista em endocrinologia e medicina interna, com mais de 30 anos de experi\u00eancia cl\u00ednica no diagn\u00f3stico e tratamento de diabetes mellitus, doen\u00e7as da tireoide, dist\u00farbios da hip\u00f3fise e das gl\u00e2ndulas suprarrenais, problemas reprodutivos, bem como dist\u00farbios hormonais e metab\u00f3licos. \u00c9 professor de longa data no Departamento de Endocrinologia da Universidade M\u00e9dica de Plovdiv. Em 2023, foi agraciado com o prestigioso pr\u00eamio "M\u00e9dico do Ano" pela Uni\u00e3o M\u00e9dica B\u00falgara por sua longa trajet\u00f3ria e contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o desenvolvimento da especialidade de "Endocrinologia e Doen\u00e7as Metab\u00f3licas". \u00c9 tamb\u00e9m membro da Liga dos M\u00e9dicos em Quem os B\u00falgaros Confiam, por iniciativa do jornal "24 Chasa".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diabetes \u2013 uma pandemia silenciosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Segundo o Prof. Mitkov, a natureza pand\u00eamica do diabetes mellitus e do pr\u00e9-diabetes vem sendo discutida h\u00e1 anos, mas apenas soar o alarme n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficiente. Os dados mostram que o n\u00famero de pacientes com diagn\u00f3stico de diabetes, tanto globalmente quanto na Bulg\u00e1ria, est\u00e1 crescendo a uma taxa significativamente maior do que a prevista inicialmente. Ainda mais preocupante \u00e9 o fato de que pelo menos metade das pessoas com diabetes desconhecem a doen\u00e7a. No caso do pr\u00e9-diabetes, a preval\u00eancia \u00e9 ainda maior, o que o torna um grave problema de sa\u00fade p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quem s\u00e3o os grupos de risco e quando devemos fazer o teste?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O risco de desenvolver diabetes e outras doen\u00e7as metab\u00f3licas aumenta com a idade. A Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial da Sa\u00fade definiu h\u00e1 muito tempo crit\u00e9rios claros de rastreio com o objetivo de detetar precocemente indiv\u00edduos com risco aumentado. Os principais grupos incluem pessoas com excesso de peso ou obesidade, pacientes com doen\u00e7as cardiovasculares, hipertens\u00e3o arterial, colesterol HDL baixo ou triglicer\u00eddeos elevados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O grupo de risco tamb\u00e9m inclui mulheres com s\u00edndrome dos ov\u00e1rios polic\u00edsticos, diabetes gestacional ou que deram \u00e0 luz um feto com mais de 4 quilos, bem como pessoas que tomam medicamentos que aumentam o a\u00e7\u00facar no sangue. De acordo com os crit\u00e9rios da OMS, todas as pessoas com mais de 35 anos devem ser submetidas a exames de rastreio, mesmo na aus\u00eancia de sintomas. Com resultados normais, os exames devem ser repetidos pelo menos uma vez a cada tr\u00eas anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 poss\u00edvel prevenir o diabetes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O Prof. Mitkov enfatiza que, quando falamos de preven\u00e7\u00e3o, nos referimos ao diabetes tipo 2. Ao contr\u00e1rio do diabetes tipo 1, que exige tratamento obrigat\u00f3rio com insulina, o diabetes tipo 2 \u00e9 evit\u00e1vel em grande parte dos casos ou, pelo menos, pode ser significativamente retardado. Em certas situa\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e9 at\u00e9 poss\u00edvel alcan\u00e7ar a remiss\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Isso \u00e9 especialmente verdadeiro para pessoas com pr\u00e9-diabetes, s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lica ou hist\u00f3rico familiar da doen\u00e7a. O diagn\u00f3stico precoce e o in\u00edcio imediato do tratamento adequado s\u00e3o fundamentais para prevenir complica\u00e7\u00f5es graves da doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina \u2013 mitos e realidade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nos \u00faltimos anos, o termo "resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina" tornou-se extremamente popular, mas nem toda resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina \u00e9 uma doen\u00e7a. Ela tamb\u00e9m pode ser uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o fisiol\u00f3gica normal em certos per\u00edodos da vida. O problema surge quando a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina fisiol\u00f3gica se torna patol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Embora a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina possa levar a in\u00fameros dist\u00farbios metab\u00f3licos, o Prof. Mitkov \u00e9 categ\u00f3rico ao afirmar que o principal "culpado", na maioria dos casos, \u00e9 o nosso estilo de vida. \u00c9 este que causa o aparecimento ou o agravamento da resist\u00eancia patol\u00f3gica \u00e0 insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O papel do estresse cr\u00f4nico<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O estresse \u00e9 um fator importante no desenvolvimento da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina. Mesmo Hans Selye, considerado o pai da teoria do estresse, descreveu o estresse como uma resposta n\u00e3o espec\u00edfica do corpo a v\u00e1rios est\u00edmulos. Independentemente do tipo de estressor, o corpo ativa mecanismos de adapta\u00e7\u00e3o semelhantes, incluindo a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em situa\u00e7\u00f5es de estresse agudo, essa resposta \u00e9 fisiol\u00f3gica e tempor\u00e1ria. Ap\u00f3s a passagem do evento estressante, a sensibilidade \u00e0 insulina \u00e9 restaurada. No entanto, quando o estresse se torna cr\u00f4nico, ocorre uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o para a resist\u00eancia patol\u00f3gica \u00e0 insulina, acompanhada de consequ\u00eancias metab\u00f3licas adversas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como podemos nos proteger da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Atualmente, n\u00e3o existem medicamentos especificamente aprovados para o tratamento da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 insulina isolada. O tratamento \u00e9 direcionado aos casos em que ela faz parte de uma doen\u00e7a metab\u00f3lica clinicamente significativa ou leva a ela. O Prof. Mitkov \u00e9 categoricamente contra a automedica\u00e7\u00e3o com testes e terapias, pois elas frequentemente levam a interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es err\u00f4neas e ao uso desnecess\u00e1rio de medicamentos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que cada pessoa pode e deve fazer por conta pr\u00f3pria \u00e9 trabalhar nos fatores de risco modific\u00e1veis. Perder peso \u00e9 crucial \u2013 mesmo uma perda de 5 a 7% pode melhorar significativamente a sensibilidade \u00e0 insulina. A atividade f\u00edsica regular, adaptada \u00e0s capacidades individuais, tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 fundamental \u2013 desde atividades de intensidade moderada, como caminhada r\u00e1pida, ciclismo e nata\u00e7\u00e3o, at\u00e9 exerc\u00edcios aer\u00f3bicos e de for\u00e7a mais intensos, por pelo menos 30 minutos por dia, cinco dias por semana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser equilibrada e com poucas calorias, sendo um bom exemplo a dieta mediterr\u00e2nea. Recomenda-se limitar o consumo de carboidratos refinados, aumentar a ingest\u00e3o de fibras, al\u00e9m de otimizar o sono e controlar o estresse de forma eficaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De acordo com o Prof. Mitkov, s\u00e3o precisamente essas mudan\u00e7as de estilo de vida aparentemente simples, mas implementadas de forma consistente, que constituem o meio mais eficaz de prevenir dist\u00farbios metab\u00f3licos e suas complica\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editora Ina Dimitrova<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":31008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31007","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zdrave"},"yoast_head":"\n\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442 - bolenzdrav.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442 bolenzdrav.com \u041b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 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