{"id":31007,"date":"2025-12-16T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/?p=31007"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:45:18","slug":"ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/pl\/zdrave\/ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest\/","title":{"rendered":"Nie ka\u017cda insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 jest chorob\u0105"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cukrzyca i zwi\u0105zane z ni\u0105 zaburzenia metaboliczne staj\u0105 si\u0119 jednym z najpowa\u017cniejszych wyzwa\u0144 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej medycyny. Jednak nie ka\u017cda insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 jest chorob\u0105 i wymaga leczenia. Prof. dr Mitko Mitkov, kierownik Kliniki Chor\u00f3b Wewn\u0119trznych Oddzia\u0142u Endokrynologii Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego \u201ePulmed\u201d w P\u0142owdiwie, opowiada gazecie \u201e24 Czasa\u201d o przyczynach, grupach ryzyka i mo\u017cliwo\u015bciach profilaktyki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prof. dr Mitkov jest specjalist\u0105 endokrynologii i chor\u00f3b wewn\u0119trznych z ponad 30-letnim do\u015bwiadczeniem klinicznym w diagnostyce i leczeniu cukrzycy, chor\u00f3b tarczycy, chor\u00f3b przysadki i nadnerczy, problem\u00f3w rozrodczych, a tak\u017ce zaburze\u0144 hormonalnych i metabolicznych. Jest wieloletnim wyk\u0142adowc\u0105 na Wydziale Endokrynologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w P\u0142owdiwie. W 2023 roku zosta\u0142 uhonorowany presti\u017cow\u0105 nagrod\u0105 \u201eLekarz Roku\u201d przez Bu\u0142garski Zwi\u0105zek Lekarski za wieloletni\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 i wk\u0142ad w rozw\u00f3j specjalno\u015bci \u201eEndokrynologia i Choroby Metaboliczne\u201d. Jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c cz\u0142onkiem Ligi Lekarzy, Kt\u00f3rym Zaufali Bu\u0142garzy, z inicjatywy gazety \u201e24 Czasa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cukrzyca \u2013 cicha pandemia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wed\u0142ug prof. Mitkova, o pandemicznym charakterze cukrzycy i stanu przedcukrzycowego m\u00f3wi si\u0119 od lat, ale samo bicie na alarm to za ma\u0142o. Dane pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce liczba pacjent\u00f3w z rozpoznan\u0105 cukrzyc\u0105, zar\u00f3wno na \u015bwiecie, jak i w Bu\u0142garii, ro\u015bnie w tempie znacznie szybszym ni\u017c pocz\u0105tkowo przewidywano. Jeszcze bardziej niepokoj\u0105cy jest fakt, \u017ce co najmniej po\u0142owa os\u00f3b z rzeczywist\u0105 cukrzyc\u0105 nie wie, \u017ce choruje. W przypadku stanu przedcukrzycowego rozpowszechnienie jest jeszcze wy\u017csze, co czyni go powa\u017cnym problemem zdrowia publicznego.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakie grupy ryzyka s\u0105 uj\u0119te i kiedy powinni\u015bmy wykona\u0107 test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ryzyko rozwoju cukrzycy i innych chor\u00f3b metabolicznych ro\u015bnie z wiekiem. \u015awiatowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) od dawna definiuje jasne kryteria bada\u0144 przesiewowych, maj\u0105ce na celu wczesne wykrywanie os\u00f3b z grupy podwy\u017cszonego ryzyka. G\u0142\u00f3wne grupy obejmuj\u0105 osoby z nadwag\u0105 lub oty\u0142o\u015bci\u0105, pacjent\u00f3w z chorobami uk\u0142adu kr\u0105\u017cenia, nadci\u015bnieniem t\u0119tniczym, niskim poziomem cholesterolu HDL lub podwy\u017cszonym poziomem tr\u00f3jgliceryd\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do grupy ryzyka zalicza si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c kobiety z zespo\u0142em policystycznych jajnik\u00f3w, cukrzyc\u0105 ci\u0105\u017cow\u0105 lub urodzone przez p\u0142\u00f3d o masie cia\u0142a powy\u017cej 4 kilogram\u00f3w, a tak\u017ce osoby przyjmuj\u0105ce leki podwy\u017cszaj\u0105ce poziom cukru we krwi. Zgodnie z kryteriami WHO, wszystkie osoby powy\u017cej 35. roku \u017cycia podlegaj\u0105 badaniom przesiewowym, nawet je\u015bli nie wyst\u0119puj\u0105 \u017cadne objawy. W przypadku prawid\u0142owych wynik\u00f3w badania nale\u017cy powtarza\u0107 co najmniej raz na trzy lata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czy cukrzycy mo\u017cna zapobiega\u0107?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Profesor Mitkov podkre\u015bla, \u017ce m\u00f3wi\u0105c o profilaktyce, mamy na my\u015bli cukrzyc\u0119 typu 2. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do cukrzycy typu 1, kt\u00f3ra wymaga obowi\u0105zkowego leczenia insulin\u0105, cukrzycy typu 2 mo\u017cna zapobiec w du\u017cym odsetku przypadk\u00f3w lub przynajmniej znacznie op\u00f3\u017ani\u0107 jej wyst\u0105pienie. W pewnych sytuacjach mo\u017cliwe jest nawet osi\u0105gni\u0119cie remisji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dotyczy to szczeg\u00f3lnie os\u00f3b ze stanem przedcukrzycowym, zespo\u0142em metabolicznym lub histori\u0105 choroby w rodzinie. Wczesna diagnoza i wczesne rozpocz\u0119cie odpowiedniego leczenia s\u0105 kluczowe dla zapobiegania powa\u017cnym powik\u0142aniom choroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 \u2013 mity i rzeczywisto\u015b\u0107<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W ostatnich latach termin \u201einsulinooporno\u015b\u0107\u201d zyska\u0142 ogromn\u0105 popularno\u015b\u0107, ale nie ka\u017cda insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 jest chorob\u0105. Mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c normalnym stanem fizjologicznym w pewnych okresach \u017cycia. Problem pojawia si\u0119, gdy fizjologiczna insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 staje si\u0119 patologiczna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chocia\u017c insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 do licznych zaburze\u0144 metabolicznych, prof. Mitkov kategorycznie twierdzi, \u017ce g\u0142\u00f3wnym \u201ewinowajc\u0105\u201d w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w jest nasz styl \u017cycia. To on powoduje pojawienie si\u0119 lub pog\u0142\u0119bienie patologicznej insulinooporno\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rola przewlek\u0142ego stresu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Stres jest istotnym czynnikiem w rozwoju insulinooporno\u015bci. Nawet Hans Selye, uwa\u017cany za ojca teorii stresu, opisywa\u0142 stres jako niespecyficzn\u0105 reakcj\u0119 organizmu na r\u00f3\u017cnorodne bod\u017ace. Niezale\u017cnie od rodzaju czynnika stresuj\u0105cego, organizm aktywuje podobne mechanizmy adaptacyjne, w tym insulinooporno\u015b\u0107.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W ostrym stresie reakcja ta ma charakter fizjologiczny i przej\u015bciowy. Po ust\u0105pieniu czynnika stresuj\u0105cego wra\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 na insulin\u0119 powraca. Jednak gdy stres staje si\u0119 przewlek\u0142y, nast\u0119puje przej\u015bcie w patologiczn\u0105 insulinooporno\u015b\u0107, kt\u00f3rej towarzysz\u0105 niekorzystne konsekwencje metaboliczne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak mo\u017cemy chroni\u0107 si\u0119 przed insulinooporno\u015bci\u0105?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obecnie nie ma \u017cadnych lek\u00f3w zatwierdzonych do leczenia izolowanej insulinooporno\u015bci. Leczenie jest ukierunkowane na przypadki, w kt\u00f3rych insulinooporno\u015b\u0107 jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 lub prowadzi do klinicznie istotnej choroby metabolicznej. Profesor Mitkov kategorycznie sprzeciwia si\u0119 samodzielnym testom i terapiom, poniewa\u017c cz\u0119sto prowadz\u0105 one do b\u0142\u0119dnych interpretacji i niepotrzebnego stosowania lek\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017cdy mo\u017ce i powinien samodzielnie pracowa\u0107 nad modyfikowalnymi czynnikami ryzyka. Utrata masy cia\u0142a jest kluczowa \u2013 nawet 5-7% mo\u017ce znacz\u0105co poprawi\u0107 wra\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 na insulin\u0119. Regularna aktywno\u015b\u0107 fizyczna, dostosowana do indywidualnych mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c kluczowa \u2013 od aktywno\u015bci o umiarkowanej intensywno\u015bci, takich jak szybki marsz, jazda na rowerze i p\u0142ywanie, po intensywniejsze treningi aerobowe i si\u0142owe, trwaj\u0105ce co najmniej 30 minut dziennie, pi\u0119\u0107 dni w tygodniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od\u017cywianie powinno by\u0107 zbilansowane i niskokaloryczne, czego dobrym przyk\u0142adem jest dieta \u015br\u00f3dziemnomorska. Zaleca si\u0119 ograniczenie spo\u017cycia rafinowanych w\u0119glowodan\u00f3w, zwi\u0119kszenie spo\u017cycia b\u0142onnika, a tak\u017ce optymalizacj\u0119 snu i skuteczne radzenie sobie ze stresem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdaniem prof. Mitkova, to w\u0142a\u015bnie te pozornie proste, ale konsekwentnie wdra\u017cane zmiany stylu \u017cycia s\u0105 najskuteczniejszym sposobem zapobiegania zaburzeniom metabolicznym i ich powik\u0142aniom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redaktor Ina Dimitrowa<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":31008,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31007","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-zdrave"},"yoast_head":"\n\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442 - bolenzdrav.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442 bolenzdrav.com \u041b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 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