{"id":31007,"date":"2025-12-16T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/?p=31007"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:45:18","slug":"ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/it\/zdrave\/ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest\/","title":{"rendered":"Non tutta la resistenza all'insulina \u00e8 una malattia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Il diabete mellito e i disturbi metabolici correlati stanno diventando una delle sfide pi\u00f9 serie per la medicina moderna. Tuttavia, non tutti i casi di insulino-resistenza sono malattie e devono essere trattati. Il Prof. Dr. Mitko Mitkov, responsabile della Clinica di Medicina Interna presso il Dipartimento di Endocrinologia dell'Ospedale Universitario "Pulmed" di Plovdiv, racconta al quotidiano "24 Chasa" le cause, i gruppi a rischio e le possibilit\u00e0 di prevenzione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il Prof. Dr. Mitkov \u00e8 uno specialista in endocrinologia e medicina interna con oltre 30 anni di esperienza clinica nella diagnosi e nel trattamento del diabete mellito, delle patologie della tiroide, dei disturbi ipofisari e surrenali, dei problemi riproduttivi, nonch\u00e9 dei disturbi ormonali e metabolici. \u00c8 docente di lunga data presso il Dipartimento di Endocrinologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Medicina di Plovdiv. Nel 2023 gli \u00e8 stato conferito il prestigioso premio "Medico dell'Anno" dall'Unione Medica Bulgara per la sua pluriennale attivit\u00e0 e il contributo allo sviluppo della specialit\u00e0 "Endocrinologia e Malattie Metaboliche". \u00c8 inoltre membro della Lega dei Medici di Fiducia dei Bulgari, su iniziativa del quotidiano "24 Chasa".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diabete: una pandemia silenziosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Secondo il Prof. Mitkov, si parla da anni della natura pandemica del diabete mellito e del prediabete, ma lanciare l'allarme non basta. I dati mostrano che il numero di pazienti con diabete diagnosticato, sia a livello globale che in Bulgaria, sta crescendo a un ritmo significativamente superiore a quanto inizialmente previsto. Ancora pi\u00f9 preoccupante \u00e8 il fatto che almeno la met\u00e0 delle persone con diabete non sappia di essere malata. Nel caso del prediabete, la prevalenza \u00e8 ancora pi\u00f9 elevata, il che lo rende un grave problema di salute pubblica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quali sono i gruppi a rischio e quando dovremmo sottoporci al test?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il rischio di sviluppare diabete e altre malattie metaboliche aumenta con l'et\u00e0. L'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanit\u00e0 ha da tempo definito criteri di screening chiari volti all'individuazione precoce degli individui a rischio aumentato. I gruppi principali includono persone in sovrappeso o obese, pazienti con malattie cardiovascolari, ipertensione arteriosa, bassi livelli di colesterolo HDL o trigliceridi elevati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il gruppo a rischio include anche le donne con sindrome dell'ovaio policistico, diabete gestazionale o che hanno partorito un feto di peso superiore a 4 chilogrammi, nonch\u00e9 le persone che assumono farmaci che aumentano la glicemia. Secondo i criteri dell'OMS, tutte le persone di et\u00e0 superiore ai 35 anni sono soggette a screening anche in assenza di sintomi. In caso di risultati normali, i test dovrebbero essere ripetuti almeno una volta ogni tre anni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c8 possibile prevenire il diabete?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il Prof. Mitkov sottolinea che quando parliamo di prevenzione, intendiamo il diabete di tipo 2. A differenza del diabete di tipo 1, che richiede un trattamento insulinico obbligatorio, il diabete di tipo 2 \u00e8 prevenibile in un'ampia percentuale di casi o almeno pu\u00f2 essere significativamente ritardato. In alcune situazioni, \u00e8 persino possibile raggiungere la remissione.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ci\u00f2 \u00e8 particolarmente vero per le persone con prediabete, sindrome metabolica o una storia familiare della malattia. Una diagnosi precoce e l'inizio tempestivo di un trattamento adeguato sono fondamentali per prevenire gravi complicanze della malattia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resistenza all'insulina: miti e realt\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Negli ultimi anni, il termine "resistenza all'insulina" \u00e8 diventato estremamente popolare, ma non tutti i casi di resistenza all'insulina sono una malattia. Pu\u00f2 anche essere una condizione fisiologica normale in determinate fasi della vita. Il problema sorge quando la resistenza all'insulina fisiologica diventa patologica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebbene la resistenza all'insulina possa portare a numerosi disturbi metabolici, il Prof. Mitkov \u00e8 categorico nel dire che il principale "colpevole" nella maggior parte dei casi \u00e8 il nostro stile di vita. \u00c8 questo che causa la comparsa o l'aggravamento della resistenza patologica all'insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il ruolo dello stress cronico<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lo stress \u00e8 un fattore importante nello sviluppo della resistenza all'insulina. Anche Hans Selye, considerato il padre della teoria dello stress, lo descrisse come una risposta aspecifica dell'organismo a vari stimoli. Indipendentemente dal tipo di fattore di stress, l'organismo attiva meccanismi di adattamento simili, tra cui la resistenza all'insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In caso di stress acuto, questa risposta \u00e8 fisiologica e temporanea. Una volta superato l'evento stressante, la sensibilit\u00e0 all'insulina viene ripristinata. Tuttavia, quando lo stress diventa cronico, si verifica una transizione verso una resistenza all'insulina patologica, accompagnata da conseguenze metaboliche avverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Come possiamo proteggerci dalla resistenza all'insulina?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Attualmente non esistono farmaci specificamente approvati per il trattamento della resistenza insulinica isolata. Il trattamento \u00e8 rivolto ai casi in cui la resistenza \u00e8 parte di una malattia metabolica clinicamente significativa o la causa. Il Prof. Mitkov \u00e8 categoricamente contrario a test e terapie auto-prescritti, poich\u00e9 spesso portano a interpretazioni errate e a farmaci non necessari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ci\u00f2 che ogni persona pu\u00f2 e dovrebbe fare autonomamente \u00e8 lavorare sui fattori di rischio modificabili. Perdere peso \u00e8 fondamentale: anche una perdita del 5-7% pu\u00f2 migliorare significativamente la sensibilit\u00e0 all'insulina. Anche l'attivit\u00e0 fisica regolare, calibrata sulle capacit\u00e0 individuali, \u00e8 fondamentale: da attivit\u00e0 di intensit\u00e0 moderata come camminata veloce, ciclismo e nuoto, a allenamenti aerobici e di forza pi\u00f9 intensi, per almeno 30 minuti al giorno, cinque giorni alla settimana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'alimentazione dovrebbe essere equilibrata e ipocalorica, come dimostra la dieta mediterranea. Si raccomanda di limitare i carboidrati raffinati, aumentare l'assunzione di fibre, ottimizzare il sonno e gestire efficacemente lo stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secondo il Prof. Mitkov, sono proprio questi cambiamenti dello stile di vita apparentemente semplici, ma costantemente attuati, a rappresentare il mezzo pi\u00f9 efficace per prevenire i disturbi metabolici e le loro complicazioni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editore Ina Dimitrova<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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