{"id":31007,"date":"2025-12-16T13:44:28","date_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/?p=31007"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:45:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T11:45:18","slug":"ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolenzdrav.com\/es\/zdrave\/ne-vsyaka-insulinova-rezistentnost-e-bolest\/","title":{"rendered":"No toda resistencia a la insulina es una enfermedad"},"content":{"rendered":"

La diabetes mellitus y los trastornos metab\u00f3licos relacionados se est\u00e1n convirtiendo en uno de los desaf\u00edos m\u00e1s graves que enfrenta la medicina moderna. Sin embargo, no toda la resistencia a la insulina es una enfermedad y debe tratarse. El Prof. Dr. Mitko Mitkov, jefe de la Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Interna del Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda del Hospital Universitario "Pulmed" de Plovdiv, explica al peri\u00f3dico "24 Chasa" las causas, los grupos de riesgo y las posibilidades de prevenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Prof. Dr. Mitkov es especialista en endocrinolog\u00eda y medicina interna con m\u00e1s de 30 a\u00f1os de experiencia cl\u00ednica en el diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de diabetes mellitus, enfermedades tiroideas, trastornos hipofisarios y suprarrenales, problemas reproductivos, as\u00ed como trastornos hormonales y metab\u00f3licos. Es profesor titular del Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda de la Universidad M\u00e9dica de Plovdiv desde hace muchos a\u00f1os. En 2023, recibi\u00f3 el prestigioso premio "M\u00e9dico del A\u00f1o" de la Uni\u00f3n M\u00e9dica B\u00falgara por su larga trayectoria y su contribuci\u00f3n al desarrollo de la especialidad de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas. Tambi\u00e9n es miembro de la Liga de M\u00e9dicos de Confianza de los B\u00falgaros, iniciativa del peri\u00f3dico "24 Chasa".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diabetes: una pandemia silenciosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan el profesor Mitkov, la naturaleza pand\u00e9mica de la diabetes mellitus y la prediabetes se ha debatido durante a\u00f1os, pero alertar no es suficiente. Los datos muestran que el n\u00famero de pacientes con diabetes diagnosticada, tanto a nivel mundial como en Bulgaria, est\u00e1 creciendo a un ritmo significativamente mayor del previsto inicialmente. A\u00fan m\u00e1s preocupante es el hecho de que al menos la mitad de las personas con diabetes desconocen que padecen esta enfermedad. En el caso de la prediabetes, la prevalencia es a\u00fan mayor, lo que la convierte en un grave problema de salud p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQui\u00e9nes son los grupos de riesgo y cu\u00e1ndo debemos hacernos la prueba?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044a\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y otras enfermedades metab\u00f3licas aumenta con la edad. La Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud ha definido desde hace tiempo criterios claros de detecci\u00f3n para la detecci\u00f3n temprana de personas con mayor riesgo. Los principales grupos incluyen personas con sobrepeso u obesidad, pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares, hipertensi\u00f3n arterial, niveles bajos de colesterol HDL o niveles elevados de triglic\u00e9ridos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El grupo de riesgo tambi\u00e9n incluye a mujeres con s\u00edndrome de ovario poliqu\u00edstico, diabetes gestacional o que han dado a luz a un feto con un peso superior a 4 kilogramos, as\u00ed como a quienes toman medicamentos que aumentan la glucemia. Seg\u00fan los criterios de la OMS, todas las personas mayores de 35 a\u00f1os deben someterse a pruebas de detecci\u00f3n, incluso sin s\u00edntomas. Si los resultados son normales, las pruebas deben repetirse al menos una vez cada tres a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfSe puede prevenir la diabetes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El profesor Mitkov enfatiza que cuando hablamos de prevenci\u00f3n, nos referimos a la diabetes tipo 2. A diferencia de la diabetes tipo 1, que requiere tratamiento obligatorio con insulina, la diabetes tipo 2 se puede prevenir en un gran porcentaje de los casos o, al menos, retrasar significativamente su evoluci\u00f3n. En ciertas situaciones, incluso es posible lograr la remisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esto es especialmente cierto para las personas con prediabetes, s\u00edndrome metab\u00f3lico o antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad. El diagn\u00f3stico temprano y el inicio temprano del tratamiento adecuado son clave para prevenir complicaciones graves de la enfermedad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resistencia a la insulina: mitos y realidad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, el t\u00e9rmino "resistencia a la insulina" se ha popularizado enormemente, pero no toda la resistencia a la insulina es una enfermedad. Tambi\u00e9n puede ser una condici\u00f3n fisiol\u00f3gica normal en ciertas etapas de la vida. El problema surge cuando la resistencia a la insulina fisiol\u00f3gica se vuelve patol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aunque la resistencia a la insulina puede provocar numerosos trastornos metab\u00f3licos, el profesor Mitkov es categ\u00f3rico al afirmar que el principal culpable, en la mayor\u00eda de los casos, es nuestro estilo de vida. Es este el que provoca la aparici\u00f3n o el agravamiento de la resistencia patol\u00f3gica a la insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El papel del estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El estr\u00e9s es un factor importante en el desarrollo de la resistencia a la insulina. Incluso Hans Selye, considerado el padre de la teor\u00eda del estr\u00e9s, lo describi\u00f3 como una respuesta inespec\u00edfica del organismo a diversos est\u00edmulos. Independientemente del tipo de factor estresante, el organismo activa mecanismos de adaptaci\u00f3n similares, incluida la resistencia a la insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En el estr\u00e9s agudo, esta respuesta es fisiol\u00f3gica y temporal. Tras el evento estresante, la sensibilidad a la insulina se restablece. Sin embargo, cuando el estr\u00e9s se vuelve cr\u00f3nico, se produce una transici\u00f3n a la resistencia patol\u00f3gica a la insulina, acompa\u00f1ada de consecuencias metab\u00f3licas adversas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo podemos protegernos de la resistencia a la insulina?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Actualmente no existen medicamentos espec\u00edficamente aprobados para el tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina aislada. El tratamiento se dirige a los casos en que esta forma parte de una enfermedad metab\u00f3lica cl\u00ednicamente significativa o la provoca. El profesor Mitkov se opone categ\u00f3ricamente a las pruebas y terapias autoprescritas, ya que a menudo dan lugar a interpretaciones err\u00f3neas y a la administraci\u00f3n de medicamentos innecesarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo que cada persona puede y debe hacer por s\u00ed misma es trabajar en los factores de riesgo modificables. Bajar de peso es crucial; incluso una p\u00e9rdida del 5 al 7 % puede mejorar significativamente la sensibilidad a la insulina. La actividad f\u00edsica regular, adaptada a las capacidades individuales, tambi\u00e9n es clave: desde actividades de intensidad moderada como caminar a paso ligero, montar en bicicleta y nadar, hasta entrenamiento aer\u00f3bico y de fuerza m\u00e1s intenso, durante al menos 30 minutos al d\u00eda, cinco d\u00edas a la semana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nutrici\u00f3n debe ser equilibrada y baja en calor\u00edas, como lo demuestra la dieta mediterr\u00e1nea. Se recomienda limitar los carbohidratos refinados, aumentar la ingesta de fibra, optimizar el sue\u00f1o y gestionar eficazmente el estr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan el profesor Mitkov, son precisamente estos cambios de estilo de vida aparentemente simples, pero implementados de manera consistente, los que constituyen el medio m\u00e1s poderoso para prevenir los trastornos metab\u00f3licos y sus complicaciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editora Ina Dimitrova<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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